Whatever their roots, there have been no reports of arrests of group members, and the Jihadist Martyrs Brigades are presumed to remain active in Iraq.

Saraya Usud al-Tawhid (Brigades of the Lions of Monotheism) is a terrorist group in Iraq responsible for one kidnapping in its history. In this attack, members of the Brigades captured a Jordanian truck driver working for Abu-al-Shih, a transportation company contracted to deliver fuel to the US Army. After the company complied with the terrorists' demands to cease operations in Iraq, the driver was released. Negotiations between Abu-al-Shih and the Brigades of the Lions of Monotheism were purportedly arranged by the Mujahideen Shura of Fallujah and the Jordanian Embassy in Iraq.<br /><br />From the group's name and only known tactic, it can be inferred that the Brigades of the Lions of Monotheism is a radical Islamic group operating in Iraq. The names of many Islamist groups involved in the Iraqi insurgency invoke the principle of <i>Tawhid</i>, or the unity of God, to strike a contrast with the Christian Trinity. Extremist groups or cells operating in Iraq are often called "brigades", and the image of the <i>usud</i>, or lion, is the symbol of God's warriors.<br />

Kidnappings of foreigners in Iraq are frequent, and those responsible have a wide range of motives. In this case, it appears that Saraya Usud al-Tawhid is motivated by a desire to disrupt Coalition operations and oppose American involvement in Iraq. Given the country's tenuous security situation, it is likely that this group and other groups who use kidnapping as a tactic to achieve their goals will remain active in the foreseeable future.

Little is known about the Sardinian Autonomy Movement (MAS) other than the name they chose for themselves and the circumstances of their only recent attack.  The name, Sardinian Autonomy Movement, first appeared in the 1970s.  However, because of the significant time gap, it is not suspected that any MAS associates from the 1970s were involved in the most recent attack of 2002.  It is more likely that the name was resurrected by a new set of terrorists.  When the group re-emerged in July 2002, the Sardinian Autonomy Movement claimed that its terrorist bombing was in the name of an independent Sardinia.  In the words of the terrorists, they fight for a "Sardinia for the Sardinians."  The message was written both in Italian and the Sard language.<p><p>Since 1948, the island of Sardinia has maintained a special status within the Italian Republic.  With this special status, Sardinia enjoys more autonomy than the mainland regions of Italy.  While Sardinia is, in many ways, a positive example of an autonomous region within a republic, there has been some terrorist activity in the name of a fully independent Sardinia.  However, the terrorist activity has been limited.  In fact, the terrorist activity in Sardinia is more often connected to anarchist terrorists from the Italian mainland who use the informal Sardinian economy as a way to launder money.  It is suspected that this arrangement might have put Italian anarchist terrorists in contact with the smaller Sardinian separatist groups.