The Anti-Zionist Movement is suspected of being comprised of right-wing soccer fans for Rome's principal two teams, AS Roma and Lazio.  Around the time of these attacks, soccer fans began to hold up anti-Semitic banners at games, including Nazi symbols.  While the Anti-Zionist Movement has not been heard of since 1999, there are continual problems with the anti-Semitic fans associated with Rome's teams.  In February of 2000, security chiefs at Italy's soccer stadiums received authority to halt games if racist banners were displayed.<p><p>At this point, the Anti-Zionist Movement is presumed to be inactive.

Apo's Youth Revenge Brigades -- Supported Cause
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) -- Supported Cause
Nationalist Kurdish Revenge Teams -- Supported Cause

Very little is known about the group, Apo's Revenge Hawks.  The group claimed responsibility for a series of firebombings in Turkey in March of 1999, beginning with 2 firebombings on March 9: against a police vehicle in the Diyarbakir Province and the electricity relay stations of the Post, Telephone and Telegraph Administration (PTT) in the Diyarbakir Province.  The group also claimed responsibility for a March 13, 1999 firebomb attack against a mall in Istanbul that left 13 people dead.  <p><p>The attacks appear to be reprisals for the February 1999 arrest of Abdullah Ocalan (whose nickname is "Apo" or "Uncle"), the founder and leader of the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK).  Following Ocalan's arrest, violence erupted throughout Turkey.   The PKK disavowed any knowledge of the attacks of Apo's Revenge Hawks, and it is unclear whether the group acted autonomously or with the support of the PKK.  It is also unclear whether the widespread pro-Ocalan violence that erupted in March 1999 was spontaneous or coordinated by the PKK or another organization.

Apo's Revenge Hawks have not claimed an attack since the March 1999 firebombings.  Four Kurdish militants have been arrested in connection with the fatal March 13, 1999 firebombing of the Istanbul mall, but the Turkish government has been unable to establish a connection between Apo's Revenge Hawks and the PKK.