A number of the group's members were arrested in 1990 in connection with the 1989 murder of two missionaries outside their La Paz apartment. Despite a number of legal complications, they were sentenced to prison terms ranging from 5 to 20 years in 1991. Another terrorist, Johnny Peralta Espinoza, was arrested in July 1992 and confessed to being "politically responsible" for the murders, temporarily suspending the continuing appeal process of the five group members arrested in 1991. Espinoza claimed to be just a "member" of the group, although Bolivian authorities believe he was one of its leaders. He received a 30-year prison sentence and is the only member of the group still incarcerated, amid allegations of torture by the Bolivian authorities. <P>  The Zarate Willka Armed Forces of Liberation have not carried out an attack since 1989. However, no decisive operation against the group, which was rumored to have approximately 100 members, has been taken besides the arrests of the early 1990s.

Zimbabwe African Nationalist Union (ZANU)

<a href="terrorist_organizations_by_country.asp?id=MZ">Mozambique</a>, <a href="terrorist_organizations_by_country.asp?id=552">Rhodesia</a>, <a href="terrorist_organizations_by_country.asp?id=ZI">Zimbabwe</a>

The Zimbabwe African Nationalist Union (ZANU) is Zimbabwe's most powerful nationalist organization and now forms the basis for the ruling party in Harare, the ZANU-PF. It has been led since the 1960s by Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe's current Executive President. The ZANU began as a group opposed to British colonial rule. As colonialism in Africa was ending in the 1960s, the UK refused to grand independence to Zimbabwe (then called Rhodesia) under the minority regime of Ian Smith. This prompted Smith to unilaterally declare independence in 1965. <P><br />After Smith's UDI, the nationalist struggle in Zimbabwe's main actors were Mugabe's ZANU and the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) of Joshua Nkomo. The ZANU received economic and military aid from China and espoused some socialist principles, but their orientation was always primarily nationalist. The ZANU and ZAPU fought both each other and the Rhodesian government. In addition to conducting guerilla warfare, the ZANU also targeted civilians and foreign missionaries. The group operated mainly out of guerilla bases in FRELIMO-controlled areas of Mozambique. <P> <br />The Civil War finally ended after British-mediated talks in 1980, leading to Mugabe's election as Prime Minister. Despite including Nkomo in his cabinet, Mugabe's ZANU and the ZAPU fought intermittently until 1987 when they merged their parties to form the ZANU-PF (Zimbabwe African National Union  --  Patriotic Front).