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Chukakuha emerged following a 1957 division within the Japanese Communist Party.  The forerunner of the Chukakuha was originally a Japanese Trotskyite organization.  In 1963, that organization split into two groups, "Chukakuha" and "Kakumaruha."  Chukakuha remained true to its communist roots, professing Marxist-Leninist insurgency beliefs.  The group was one of 23 factions that comprised the Japanese New Left movement.  Chukakuha was the largest of these leftist groups, as well as the largest terrorist insurgent group in Japan.  Of the current fifty Japanese "New-Left" groups, Chukakuha remains the largest group.  The group professed its communist beliefs through terrorist actions against the Japanese government, U.S. military and domestic facilities, the United Nations, and the G-7 Summit.  <P> Combined with its communist beliefs, Chukakuha supports the associated cause of "anti-imperialism."  The group has criticized what is sees as imperialistic organizations and facilities, such as the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty and transportation projects paid for by the Japanese government.  Chukakuha strongly opposes the dispatch of the Japanese Self Defense Force to Iraq.  Typically, Chukakuha commits its activities legally.  But the group will revert to violent terrorist actions, specifically bombings that target government facilities. <P> Not to be confused with the separate terrorist organization "Revolutionary Army (Kakumeigun)," Chukakuha and Kakurokyo have their own unofficial detached forces also called Revolutionary Army (Kakumeigun).

The group has previously shown its terrorist members to number around 200 with the group's overall supporters total approximately 3,500.   Chukakuha has displayed reduced operational strength over the last few years, and its current membership is not known.

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