Fourth Reich Skinheads has ceased to exist as an organization for two reasons.  First, five of its members, including group leader Christopher Daniel Fisher, were sent to prison for their involvement in the plot.  Second, thirteen members were required to participate in "Operation Grow Hair," a program designed by the U.S. district attorney to challenge the group's racist views.  Participants in the program met with their intended targets, members of the First AME Church and Holocaust survivors.  The speakers discussed and debated the skinheads' bigoted beliefs, and organizers believe the program was a success.  "Operation Grow Hair" has become a model for dealing with skinhead groups.

Francs-Tireurs Partisans, Francs-Tireurs Partisans Manouchian, Mavericks

The group was a radical antifascist group named as a tribute to the Francs-Tireurs Partisans, a resistance group which engaged in industrial sabotage and included members of the French Communist party and trade unionists during WWII.  The Francs-Tireurs concentrated on bombing and arson attacks against Jean Marie Le Pen's right-wing, anti-immigration party, Front National (FN).  Between 1991 and 1998, the group orchestrated some 11 attacks against various FN-related offices and other symbols of the neo-fascist movement, including one on February 20, 1998 at the National Front headquarters in Marseille in commemoration of the death of Ibrahim Ali.  Ali was an Arab teenager shot around the same date in 1995 by a young FN partisan who was putting up party posters with several other FN members.  The group's leaders, William Ferrari and Yves Peirat, were captured on October 15, 1999, but after Pierat claimed full responsibility for all attacks, Ferrari was released on bail.  Pierat was sentenced to 5 years in prison in 2000.

Believing that "Fascism cannot be fought at the ballot box," the Francs-Tireurs associated themselves with the international anti-fascist movement, but they limited their attacks to the region of Provence Alpes Cote D'Azur (PACA) in an attempt to undermine the FN strongholds of the region.  The group focused on destruction of property rather than intentionally targeting civilians.