TKP/ML-TIKKO continues to operate in Turkey, conducting low-level attacks primarily against government, military, and Western targets in Turkey.  In January 2003, TKP/ML announced that it was changing its name to the Maoist Communist Party (MKP) with TIKKO changing its name to the People's Liberation Army (HKO).  It is unclear whether this name change is indicative of any broader operational or ideological shift.

The Tontons Macoutes were a militia loyal to longtime Haitian dictator Francois 'Papa Doc' Duvalier, and later to his son, Jean Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier. The Tontons Macoutes, "boogeymen" in Haitian Creole, were created as a paramilitary force to be stronger than the Haitian Army, in order to guard the Duvalier regime against assassination attempts in the midst of Haiti's violent political climate. They eventually became a force for controlling public discontent and political adversaries of the Duvaliers, ensuring their continued reign in Haiti. <P><br />"Tonton Macoute" is a figure from Haitian folklore, usually represented as an old man who captures children and places them in a bag.

Political unrest has continued in Haiti well past the reign of the Duvaliers. Political-oriented armed gangs have become a major source of violence in the streets of Haiti, with frequent battles between supporters of ousted Haitian leader Jean-Bertrand Aristide and their opponents. Sources claim that anti-Aristide groups have in their ranks former members of the Tontons Macoutes, some of whom became integrated into the Haitian police and military services.  <P><br /><i>MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base</i> includes terrorist attacks linked to Tonton Macoutes remnants active after the Duvalier regime ended in 1986.  <br />

A group that called itself "Torrid Winter" claimed responsibility for three arson attacks on April 11, 2003 in Thessaloniki, Greece.  The targets were three cars, and the attacks were accomplished by planting lit gas canisters under two and using a homemade explosive device on the third. Two of the cars belonged to private citizens and the third belonged to a Thessaloniki public department.  In a written statement claiming responsibility for the attacks, Torrid Winter expressed solidarity with other Greek terrorist groups such as ELA and November 17, as well as other Greek anarchists.