As a cover name for larger loyalist groups, the Red Hand Defenders are expected to remain active in Northern Ireland, committing violent attacks on Catholic civilians, while the UDA and LVF publicly commit to ceasefires. Members of the RHD pose a particular danger to peace in Northern Ireland as their attacks could ignite sectarian tensions and damage the peace process.

Revolutionary People's Struggle -- Shared Members

Greek police believe that Red Line was formed by members of ELA (one of Greece's most notorious terrorist organizations) in cooperation with anarchist groups.  Police have stated that Red Line seems to be "two to four people, following their own whims," (FBIS, January 2, 2002).  Despite this assertion that Red Line lacks a political ideology, Red Line's choice of targets suggests that it shares ELA's anti-capitalist, anti-establishment and anti-globalization beliefs.  Red Line has attacked buildings belonging to the UN, the Greek government, and international corporations.   <p><p>Red Line's methods were remarkably consistent and noticeably distinct from those of other Greek terrorists.  All of Red Line's known attacks have been committed by two gunmen who fired a 9-mm handgun at their target while riding past on a motorbike.  Almost all terrorist attacks in Greece involve simple bombs or arson.  Red Line is the only known group that commits drive-by shootings.

Red Line has not attacked since May of 1999 and is presumed inactive.

Republic of New Africa (RNA) is a movement which began in 1968 as a result of a Detroit conference of militant African American nationalists.  Two brothers, Milton and Richard Henry, founded the RNA and changed their names to Gaidi Obadele and Imari Abubakari Obadele respectively.  Imari Obadele then became president of RNA.  <p><br /><br />RNA was the first group to seriously demand reparations for American slavery prior to the civil war.  The group demanded control of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina.  These states would constitute the Republic of New Africa, which would make cooperative economics and community self-sufficiency central to its economic model.  RNA also demanded $400 billion dollars from the government as reparations.  RNA's message particularly resonated with students at Tougaloo College in Jackson, Mississippi.  Tougaloo college papers were often used as a way of disseminating the RNA's statements.<br /><p><br />RNA was involved in a small number of shootouts with police and FBI agents.  Three people who hijacked a TWA flight in 1971 claimed to be members of RNA.  The group's militancy led FBI officials to raid RNA bases.  A 1971 raid in Jackson, Mississippi led to the death of one policeman and the arrest of Imari Obadele for murder of the police officer.  Six other prominent RNA members were arrested.  The group's militant activities decreased in the following years and Obadele focused on establishing a political movement after his release from prison in 1980.  <br /><p><br />RNA is now a non-militant organization which views itself as a provisional government for the Republic of New Africa.  Its leaders aim to hold a plebiscite for African-Americans to gauge support for self-determination.  The group claims to have more than 10,000 members but, lacking any registry of RNA members, such claims are highly dubious.<br />