The Revolutionary Front for Communism continues its terrorist attacks today.  It has espoused a policy of "armed propaganda."  Essentially, this approach urges fellow terrorists to use violent and deadly attacks to back up their rhetoric.  However, the group also dissuades its members from confronting the Italian state in a purely military fashion.  The group's ideology acknowledges that the defeat of the original Red Brigades was partially because of their attempt to battle the Italian state militarily.  The idea of armed propaganda is actually a very common tactic of terrorists.  It encourages their members to espouse unattainable goals through open letter, murder innocent people, and then disappear.

Revolutionary Front for Proletarian Action

Action Directe -- Founding Group (Suspected)
Communist Combatant Cells -- Ally (Suspected)

The Revolutionary Front for Proletarian Action (Front R&eacute;volutionnaire d'Action Prol&eacute;tarienne  --  FRAP) was a Belgian terrorist group that operated briefly during the 1980s. Like most of Europe's left-wing terrorist groups of the mid to late 20th century, the FRAP targeted what they felt were symbols of "imperialism"  --  in this case, a NATO installation and a West German corporation. <P><br />Some sources maintain that the FRAP was a cover name used for an ally of Belgium's principal group operating at this time, the Communist Combatant Cells (Cellules Communistes Combattantes  --  CCC). These links were originally confirmed by Belgian police, but later allegedly denied. CCC members also refuse to be associated with the FRAP, and have claimed that the FRAP was a creation of the French group Action Directe. CCC and Action Directe were generally politically allies, but differed on the issue of forming a "West European Guerilla Front," which the CCC opposed.

Whether it was an alias for Action Directe or the CCC or truly an independent group, the FRAP is now inactive.

Next to nothing is known about the Revolutionary Leninist Brigades.  In January of 2000, the headquarters of the Fronte-Nazional, a right-wing group based in Rome, was attacked.  Following the arson attack, a man called an Italian news agency and claimed responsibility.  The man claimed to speak on behalf of a heretofore unknown group, the Revolutionary Leninist Brigades.<p><p>Nothing more is known about this group.  While there is both an anarchist and a Marxist-Leninist terrorist network in Italy, it is not known if this attack is connected to either of these groups.  Both anarchist and Marxist-Leninist terrorists in Italy have a history of using cover names and creating small groups to act independently.  Due to its name, the Revolutionary Leninist Brigades would seem more likely to be associated with the Marxist-Leninist terrorist network.  However, no links have yet been proven.